my difficulties with phonology

dear readers,

i am doing BA in English Language and that is so interesting to learn other language,

but most of my classmates are facing some problems with studying phonology,

the problems are:

1- how to transcript some words that have similarties pronouciation with Amreican accent?

2- how to be familiar with all artoculations of sound?

please who has value details which relate to this feild, PROVIDE US