Multiple Choice

Hi Nata,

1. received - Yesterday is a certain time in the past. You can use past simple only.

2. had studied. However, "studied" is also fine because the word "before" is already mentioned.

Regards

Hallo

well, thanks but what about the preposition "by" in the first sentence? Do not we use the perfect with it?

Hi,

You shouldn't refer to the preposition "by" as an indication for using past perfect automatically.

If a certain time in the past is used in a sentence (yesterday, last week, last year, etc.), you should use past simple only.

Regards

aha.

Okie:) got it

Thanks a lot

Regards

Natal...

I disagree.

By 7 p.m. -- A time in the past.

The books were received prior to that time in the past.

That makes the past perfect completely appropriate, if the writer wants to indicate that that the act of receiving was fully completed before 7 p.m.

I also think that that in the second one, the use of "before" makes the use of the past perfect redundant.

Hallo GG

Thank you a lot for your comment

Regards

Nata...

Natalli.E.g. Yesterday we -- all books by 7 o'clock in the evening.
a) recieved b) had recieved
Well, this sentence confused me because we have here "yesterday" and "by".
Jane -- thew lawyer's face carefully before she answered his question.
a) had studied b) studied

Nat,

I use this approach and it seems to work for me.

Look

Hallo

Thanks for your comment.

Well, so you mean the first one "recieved" and the second one "had studi

Both past perfect.

dimsumexpressBoth past perfect.

Thanks a lot

Regards

Nata...