Absolutely nothing. At some point between the end of my university years (the late 1960s) and the onset of my English teaching career (the early 1990s), the word 'continuous' came into favour over the mysteriously obsolescent 'progressive'.
'Progressive' is still floating around as a synonym, Taka, especially among the more conservative prescriptivists. The far left descriptivists have gone on to call the aspect 'durative' -- a word I rather like, actually. I think I shall start using that.