- He was very surprised at the news. (adjective)
- He was much surprised by the news. (passive)
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- The news is very surprising to him. (adjective)
- The news is surprising him very much. (progressive)
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If "surprised" is used as a part of passive voice construction, "much" is used to emphasize it, and "by" is used to indicate by whom it was caused.
If "surprised" is used as an adjective, "very" is used to emphasize it, and "at" is used to indicate at what thing he was so.
Is the above understanding correct?