Mess and broken palm

Do the mess and broken palm talked about in the highlighted sentence refer to the mess and palm in the Mickey Mouse at the Front or to the messes and broken palms that are found in the aftermath of all wars?

Context:

Mickey Mouse at the Front is the quintessential Keane painting, a transmogrification of culture and topography, an allegory of a city that has been raped, abused, shat upon and abandoned. The irony of finding the shopping trolley with its load of anti-tank rockets was not lost on Keane, who has frequently used the ubiquitous trolley in his work as a symbol of consumerism. The Mickey Mouse figure was a child’s amusement ride from a marina, in a room that had been used as a lavatory by the Iraqis. The palm trees along the brick-paved promenade were dead or dying and the beach defences barricaded Kuwait’s empty hotels against an attack from the sea that never came. There is no glory, still less a cathartic sense of tragedy, in this painting; rather it conveys shame and degradation, feelings that humble rather than inspire. Mickey Mouse at the Front is an image that epitomizes the end of all wars – the sheer bloody mess that is left behind when it is all over, with the added reminder from the weeping palm tree that a terrible environmental crime has taken place.