meaning of "turning"

Hi. All three following contexts are from the same book. The word "turning" is inside quotation marks in all of them. I think it means differently in any of the contexts. Am I right?

#1 Artistic practice as Bourriaud would advocate it, on the other hand, corresponds to a ‘relational world’: ‘it is always a relationship with the other, at the same time as it represents a relationship with the world’. In the final analysis Bourriaud is prepared to concede situationism’s influence on relational aesthetics, not least in the latter’s decisive ‘turning’ of the former – ‘[t]he work that forms a “relational world”, and a social interstice, updates situationism and reconciles it, as far as it is possible, with the art world’.

# 2 Wentworth is just telling us about the building’s former life as the infamous mental institution Bedlam, known in the nineteenth century for its exploitative staging for visitors of ‘real-life scenes of madness’, and immortalised subsequently, of course, as a term describing andemonium or chaos. The process of change in both the function of this building (from ‘mad house’ to museum) and its former name – originally Bethlehem, then shortened to Bethlem, before settling on Bedlam – epitomises, of course, precisely the kind of‘turning’ action – in this case historical – whose resonance so intrigues Wentworth.

# 3 Of course, many traceurs would consider it a philosophy and (sub)urban way of life. In fact, though its spelling differs slightly – a ‘c’ rather than a ‘k’ – parcours is the term used to mean an obstacle course or route. Furthermore, it is a word de Certeau employs in drawing his celebrated analogy in The Practice of Everyday Life between the practices of writing and urban walking: ‘the act of “turning” phrases finds an equivalent in an act of composing a path (tourner un parcours)'.