Meaning and paraphrasing
Chimpanzee postures, gestures, and facial expressions communicate many messages and “emotions” within a group. When “greeting” a dominant individual after an absence or in response to an aggressive gesture, nervous “subordinates” may approach with submissive signal, crouching, presenting the rump, hold the hand out accompanied by pant-grunts or squeaks. In response, the dominant individual is likely to make gestures of “reassurance”, such as touching, kissing, or embracing the subordinate.
Top answer
"When 'greeting' a dominant individual" = When nervous subordinate chimpanzees greet a dominant chimpanzee "after an absence / or in response to an aggressive gesture" -- describes two circumstances in which this greeting could happen "nervous 'subordinates' may approach with submissive signal, crouching, presenting the rump, hold the hand out accompanied by pant-grunts or squeaks" -- a list of behaviours that the subordinates may perform in this situation The rest of it should just be a case of looking up any words that you don't understand.
- "When 'greeting' a dominant individual" = When nervous subordinate chimpanzees greet a dominant chimpanzee "after an absence / or in response to an aggressive gesture" -- describes two circumstances in which this greeting could happen "nervous 'subordinates' may approach with submissive signal, crouching, presenting the rump, hold the hand out accompanied by pant-grunts or squeaks" -- a list of behaviours that the subordinates may perform in this situation The rest of it should just be a case of looking up any words that you don't understand.
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"When 'greeting' a dominant individual" = When nervous subordinate chimpanzees greet a dominant chimpanzee
"after an absence / or in response to an aggressive gesture" -- describes two circumstances in which this greeting could happen
"nervous 'subordinates' may approach with submissive signal, crouching, presenting the rump, hold the hand out accompanied by pant-grunts or squeaks"
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