Long correction work?

Hi, please check these sentences.

1. Among the rooms available for rent is a single large room that will hold 200 people. -- Does the phrase "among the rooms available for rent" qualifies as a subject that needs to be followed with 'is'?

2. Check out prior week's articles. -- I think we can say, "Check our last week's articles" if we are saying it the very following week and if we are saying it during other week days, then I think we put the article 'the' before it. Why no article for this?

3. Are your kids fashion-forward? -- I have heard the phrase 'fashion-conscious' but are these adjectives. Should I take them as idiomatic phrases and learn to accept them as they are? If not, how can we form these phrases properly?

4. We will analyze a given article, and then will compose a timed writing in order to throughly explain the process. -- What? a timed writing? Should it be "a timed piece of writing"?

5. The problem is how to deal with failure so that it doesn't sweep away your life into wasted mediocrity. -- When I see words like 'sweep away', I sense someone doing the sweeping but the word 'sweep' is there but no person or thing doing the action seems to be present. Is this expression correct to be used in this context?

6. These are two sentences from a sermon by L.R. Shelton named "What Is Calvinism?":

Brother, the natural mind cannot understand spiritual truths; only a born-again believer can grasp and understand a spiritual truth. god has to awaken and quicken that individual who is dead in sins and give him a new nature before he can ever understand spritual truth.

-- Why so many forms of the word 'truth'? Please look at 'spritual truths', 'a special truth' and 'spritual truth'?

7. About 20 photographs of artist Park Hoong-soon, known for a series of documentary photographs, presents strangely unrealistic landscapes. -- Is the part "About 20 photographs of artist Park Hoong-soon" qualifies as a subject that needs to be followed with verb 'presents'?

8. There are three people in my family: a father, a mother and I. -- Is 'I' correct? Why? Is that because 'there' has no real functional role in this?

9. John is playing/kicking -- Is this sentence correct and understandable as it is. Don't you need an object like "John is playing soccer" or "John is kicking a ball"?

10. This picture illustrates the difference between bad and good. -- Is a preposition like 'between' should be followed with a noun? Are adjectives OK to be used after a preposition?