Not in this case. "She lived long in this house" would just be a strange way of saying "she lived in this house a long time". "She lived a long life in this house" means that she lived there her whole life.
There are times when "to live long" and "to live a long life" can mean the same thing. For example, Mr. Spock always says "Live long and prosper", and he means you should live a long l