The original sentence suggests a classroom where students have been working on chemistry, but that part of the session is over and now they will be working on math. The first alternate version "so let's go on with math" has the sense of being in the middle of something about math, getting sidetracked temporarily, and then deciding to get back to the task at hand. The second alternate version "so let's go on to math" is closer to the sense of the original.
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CliveHi,
A teacher who says let's turn our eyes to math to his chemistry class clearly has the soul of a poet.
Grammar GeekOr: Let's turn our attention to math.Thanks, GG, for your version.