Land

TakaAliens landing on our planet may have very different ways of thinking from ours.About the "landing", does it mean that the aliens are landing? Or does it mean that they land on our planet?

It means 'any aliens that may land...'

Semantically, that may be it. But I didn't even imagine that such an interpretation was grammatically possible.

Anyway, those present participles which modify the nouns in front of or after them don't necessary imply the sense of progression, do they?

TakaAnyway, those present participles which modify the nouns in front of or after them don't necessary imply the sense of progression, do they?

Well, it is an action in some sense.

TakaSemantically, that may be it. But I didn't even imagine that such an interpretation was grammatically possible

You see, native speakers alway

So semantically, this, for example:

The pollen dust coming from that area may cause allergy.

may be either one of these below and it's ambiguous in itself?

The pollen dust that comes from that area may cause allergy.
The pollen dust that is coming from that area may cause allergy.
The pollen dust that may com

Or 'which is coming', but I think 'may come' is a bit too provisional in meaning. Although for instructional purposes we frequently say that it is a reduced clause ('the pollen dust [which/that is] coming from that area'), I don't personally think that the evolution is that straightforward.

Mister Micawber I don't personally think that the evolution is that straightforward.

I agree. So I asked the question?although I didn't come up with such a way of interpretation as adding an auxiliary verb.

Would you come up with an example where "X doing Y" is semantically closer to "X that do/does Y" than to "X that is doing Y"?

TakaWould you come up with an example where "X doing Y" is semantically closer to "X that do/does Y" than to "X that is doing Y"?

I suppose something like "People jaywalking break the law."

Good example! Thanks, MM!