Einstein and his assistant had been working for months on a particular problem. Einstein had a strategy in mind for solving the problem and persistently tried to pursue it. One day, his assistant received a letter that contained the work of some other physicists who had shown that the approach Einstein was taking could not work. The assistant had to deliver the bad news to Einstein. He explained to Einstein the reason that the approach could not work, knowing that many months of hard effort had been wasted on a futile pursuit. Einstein listened with an open mind and understood the reasoning. The very next day, Einstein had taken a totally different policy on the issue that exposed a new perspective and completely solved the problem.
I wonder if "knowing that ...." means "1", "2", or anything else.
1. who knew that ....
2. who was knowing ....
" means "1", "2", or anything else. 1. who knew that ....
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smartenglish@hanmail.netI wonder if "knowing that ...." means "1", "2", or anything else.
1. who knew that ....
2. who was knowing ....
Neither of those. "knowing that ..." is a participle clause. There are various ways that a participle clause might be related to the main clause, which is the clause which precedes it in this case.
Email Removed">Email RemovedHe explained to Einstein the reason that the approach could not work, knowing that many months of hard effort had been wasted on a futile pursuit.
Knowing that many months of hard effort had been wasted on a futile pursuit, he explained to Einstein the reason that the approach could not work.