"you've got" and "I've got" are fine in conversational English. In formal written English, use "you have" and "I have" instead (e.g. "you have a bachelor's degree", "I have a high school diploma").
"you got" and "I got" are substandard.* Don't use these forms.
*Edit: substandard if used as a substitute for "you've/I've got", that is, which I assume is what you mean. These
Actually I too don't know how to explain it, but Mr.wordy is right to me. And as you said, you are talking to your friend in the present it is better to use 'You've/I've'.