Is it okay to omit “by”?
1- It was first spotted in February by TESS, which methodically scans the skies looking for dips in a star’s light that might indicate that a planet is passing, or transiting, in front of it.
2- Astronomers then confirmed its existence using information from ground-based telescope.
3- What is the maximum dose of morphine per kilo of a patient’s weight that can be given using the intra-muscular (IM) route?
I saw the first two sentences in an article and the third one in a test.
Don't we need "by" before these present participles?
I think these are the more appropriate ones:
1b- It was first spotted in February by TESS, which methodically scans the skies by looking for dips in a star’s light that might indicate that a planet is passing, or transiting, in front of it.
2b- Astronomers then confirmed its existence by using information from ground-based telescope.
3b- What is the maximum dose of morphine per kilo of a patient’s weight that can be given by using the intra-muscular (IM) route?
Top answer
"by" is not needed in (1). " is not intended to be the means by which it scans the skies (as "by" would imply), but activity which happens as it scans the skies. In (2) and (3), "by using" means about the same as "using", but the word "by" is not necessary and just makes the sentences clunkier, especially in the case of (3).
- "by" is not needed in (1).
- " is not intended to be the means by which it scans the skies (as "by" would imply), but activity which happens as it scans the skies.
- In (2) and (3), "by using" means about the same as "using", but the word "by" is not necessary and just makes the sentences clunkier, especially in the case of (3).
- "from ground-based telescope" should be "from a ground-based telescope" or "from ground-based telescope s ".
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"by" is not needed in (1). In this sentence, "looking for ..." is not intended to be the means by which it scans the skies (as "by" would imply), but activity which happens as it scans the skies.
In (2) and (3), "by using" means about the same as "using", but the word "by" is not necessary and just makes the sentences clunkier, especially in the case of (3).
"from ground-based tel
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