Bricklayer's mate or hod carrier is a rare phrase on Google and to me it sounds archaic, though it may be in use in BrE. I would think that nowadays the position, while low and if in use, is still specialized and therefore superior to 'general laborer' or 'unskilled laborer', which I think are the much more common general terms.
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Mister Micawber'general laborer' or 'unskilled laborer'Hi Mister Micawber,