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Soheil1 Posted 14 years ago
Grammar

-ing

Hi.
This is from Play winning Chess:
"Black takesa pawn, miserably opineng the way for 9.Nxc7+"

Which is the cause?The part before or after the comma?Present participles indicate cause-effect relationships, isn't it?
  

Top answer

I don't know that participles indicate cause-effect at all, but in your sentence, the first part causes the second part.

— Mister Micawber

  • I don't know that participles indicate cause-effect at all, but in your sentence, the first part causes the second part.
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13 Answers
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I don't know that participles indicate cause-effect at all, but in your sentence, the first part causes the second part.
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How do you say that?
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How did you figure out that the 1st part is the cause of the 2nd?
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I looked at the meaning of the sentence.
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"High differentiation creates barriers that impede communication and generate conflicts, including differences in at least four areas:
1-.........
2-..........
3-........
4-..........
"
Why including is used here and what does it mean?

Might it be rephrased as:
"High differentiation creates barriers that impede communication and generate conflicts, an
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Either could be used. 'Including' subordinates the list. It means that there are more than 4 areas in total.
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And, and includes doesn't?
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I don't understand your question, soheil.
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You said:
''Including' subordinates the list. It means that there are more than 4 areas in total."

I asked if 'and includes' carry the same meaning.
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