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Rex Posted 20 years ago
Grammar
India that had changed OR India that changed
Hu Jintao last visited India in 1984.
Twenty-two years later, as the Chinese president renewed ties with his closest Asian rival, he saw an India that had changed considerably.
Politically, India is no longer dominated by a single party but instead is governed by relatively stable if somewhat unruly coalitions.
Economically the country is snapping at China's heels, competing with it for global energy resources to feed its fast-growing economy while also presenting an attractive market for Chinese goods.
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In the second sentence of the above, you will read the words 'had changed'. It seems a past perfect sentence.
What is wrong with writing ' he saw an India that changed considerably' ?
Twenty-two years later, as the Chinese president renewed ties with his closest Asian rival, he saw an India that had changed considerably.
Politically, India is no longer dominated by a single party but instead is governed by relatively stable if somewhat unruly coalitions.
Economically the country is snapping at China's heels, competing with it for global energy resources to feed its fast-growing economy while also presenting an attractive market for Chinese goods.
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In the second sentence of the above, you will read the words 'had changed'. It seems a past perfect sentence.
What is wrong with writing ' he saw an India that changed considerably' ?
Top answer
Hi, Twenty-two years later, as the Chinese president renewed ties with his closest Asian rival, he saw an India that had changed considerably. Politically, India is no longer dominated by a single party but instead is governed by relatively stable if somewhat unruly coalitions. Economically the country is snapping at China's heels, competing with it for global energy resources to feed its fast-growing economy while also presenting an attractive market for Chinese goods.
- Hi, Twenty-two years later, as the Chinese president renewed ties with his closest Asian rival, he saw an India that had changed considerably.
- Politically, India is no longer dominated by a single party but instead is governed by relatively stable if somewhat unruly coalitions.
- Economically the country is snapping at China's heels, competing with it for global energy resources to feed its fast-growing economy while also presenting an attractive market for Chinese goods.
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In the second sentence of the above, you will read the words 'had changed'.
- It seems a past perfect sentence.
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8 Answers
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Hi,
Twenty-two years later, as the Chinese president renewed ties with his closest Asian rival, he saw an India that had changed considerably.
Politically, India is no longer dominated by a single party but instead is governed by relatively stable if somewhat unruly coalitions.
Economically
Twenty-two years later, as the Chinese president renewed ties with his closest Asian rival, he saw an India that had changed considerably.
Politically, India is no longer dominated by a single party but instead is governed by relatively stable if somewhat unruly coalitions.
Economically
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«Hu Jintao last visited India in 1984.
Twenty-two years later, as the Chinese president renewed ties with his closest Asian rival, he saw an India that had changed considerably.»
Clive: «Simple Past sounds like the changing happened after he saw India. This interpretation seems to be supported by the rest of what is said.»
With all due respect to you as to a native Eng
Twenty-two years later, as the Chinese president renewed ties with his closest Asian rival, he saw an India that had changed considerably.»
Clive: «Simple Past sounds like the changing happened after he saw India. This interpretation seems to be supported by the rest of what is said.»
With all due respect to you as to a native Eng
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Clive
You are being a native speaker of English, it is easy to understand and tell me the way you interpret it. To be candid, it is not easy for me. I can't perceive the nuances you have mentioned.
You are correct. It is not your fault that I don't see the nuances.
You are being a native speaker of English, it is easy to understand and tell me the way you interpret it. To be candid, it is not easy for me. I can't perceive the nuances you have mentioned.
You are correct. It is not your fault that I don't see the nuances.
00
To me, there are no nuances here. Things are quite clear.
Past Perfect is used (among other uses) to denote an action that happened at a moment denoted by a relation to another action
For example, one action is «I finished my work»
Another action is «My fried came»
So:
«My friend came when I had finished my work».
The moment he came is characterize
Past Perfect is used (among other uses) to denote an action that happened at a moment denoted by a relation to another action
For example, one action is «I finished my work»
Another action is «My fried came»
So:
«My friend came when I had finished my work».
The moment he came is characterize
00
had changed ...the changes happened before he went there.
that changed...the changes were happening while he was there.
that changed...the changes were happening while he was there.
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Hu Jintao last visited India in 1984.
Twenty-two years later, as the Chinese president renewed ties with his closest Asian rival, he saw an India that had changed considerably.
1. Mr Jintao last visited India in 1984.
2. He visited India again last week or rather 22 years later.
The so-called changes took place not in 1984. They took place after 1984. His first vi
Twenty-two years later, as the Chinese president renewed ties with his closest Asian rival, he saw an India that had changed considerably.
1. Mr Jintao last visited India in 1984.
2. He visited India again last week or rather 22 years later.
The so-called changes took place not in 1984. They took place after 1984. His first vi
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Hi,
It's true that I didn't do the math (1984 + 22). I didn't look at the headline, I just looked at the tenses.
I now suggest that Present Perfect would be a better choice than Past Perfect. The 'seeing' is so close to the present, and the sentences that follow all refer to the present situation. What he saw recently is still the situation 'today'.
It's true that I didn't do the math (1984 + 22). I didn't look at the headline, I just looked at the tenses.
I now suggest that Present Perfect would be a better choice than Past Perfect. The 'seeing' is so close to the present, and the sentences that follow all refer to the present situation. What he saw recently is still the situation 'today'.
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«...he saw an India that has changed considerably.»
Hmmm. Doesn't this give a feeling that India has changed since the moment he saw it?
I incline to agree with Nona... Of course, I may be not right.
Hmmm. Doesn't this give a feeling that India has changed since the moment he saw it?
I incline to agree with Nona... Of course, I may be not right.
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