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Anonymous Posted 11 years ago
Grammar

Includes or including

Hi guys,

I am just not too sure when to use includes or including in the sentence, particularly like this example:

The shop's products mainly including stationary and gift wrap.

or

The shop's products mainly includes stationary and gift wrap.

I am not a native speaker, so can't really tell whether i should put including or includes. Would like to see which one do you guys think is the correct one. Thanks for the help.
  

Top answer

'Includes' is a finite verb. 'Including' is a non-finite verb. Every sentence needs a finite verb; a non-finite verb alone is not possible.

— Mister Micawber

  • 'Includes' is a finite verb.
  • 'Including' is a non-finite verb.
  • Every sentence needs a finite verb; a non-finite verb alone is not possible.
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5 Answers
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'Includes' is a finite verb. 'Including' is a non-finite verb. Every sentence needs a finite verb; a non-finite verb alone is not possible.
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thanks that's quite helpful. In that case, when do we use the non-finite verb like including ? Since you said every sentence need to have finite-verb, maybe there is a situation when we need ing?, like including?
Thanks again
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Anonymouscan't really tell whether i should put including or includes.
Neither, because "products" is plural.

The shop's products mainly include stationery and gift wrap.
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Anonymousmaybe there is a situation when we need ing?
Nowhere do you 'need' it, but you can use it with other sentence structuring.

The shop's products are office supplies, mainly including stationery and writing implements.

Now it has a finite verb ('are'), and the non-finite participle can be used as an adjunct.
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wow thanks for the insights guys, that makes a lot of sense now!
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