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Anonymous Posted 15 years ago
Grammar

Include or including?

Hi I am rather confused by the use of include and including in the following siturations:

Basically, which will you use?

1. "The job duties include fixing this, doing that, ..." (i.e. include + -ing)

2. "The job duties include: Handle this, process that, ..." (i.e. include + : + simple)

3. "The job duties including fixing this, doing that, ..." (i.e. including + -ing)

4. "The job duties including but not limited to: Perform this, report that, ..." (i.e. including + : + simple)

Here I made a search online and came across the following examples

e.g. My current job duties include responding to calls for emergency road service including: changing flat tires, jump starting dead batteries...

e.g. Connie Jo is the Administrative Assistant, and her job duties include a variety of tasks including government
reporting, payroll, human resources and party planning.

e.g. Project Manager has multiple complex job duties including but not limited to: : 1. Provides problem-solving, managerial and technical consulting services...

e.g. Health inspectors have broader job duties, including inspecting swimming pools

It seems that they are all legit and mixed up, thats why I am very confused.

Could you please explain clearly when and why a certain form is used?

Thank you!
  

Top answer

Include is a transitive verb which behaves any other similar verb. You cannot say: The boys writ ing letters. You must say: The boys write letters.

  • Include is a transitive verb which behaves any other similar verb.
  • You cannot say: The boys writ ing letters.
  • You must say: The boys write letters.
  • Thus: The job duties include fixing this and doing this and that...
  • Fixing and doing have nothing to do with the finite verb include.
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9 Answers
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Include is a transitive verb which behaves any other similar verb. You cannot say: The boys writing letters. You must say: The boys write letters.

Thus: The job duties include fixing this and doing this and that...

Fixing and doing have nothing to do with the finite verb include. They are gerunds and can be use
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Thank you, but wait a sec, you just used both structures

Thus: The job duties include fixing this and doing this and that...

Project Manager has multiple complex job duties including but not limited to providing...
The clouds i
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AnonymousThe clouds in my mind haven't been cleared...
I am sorry but I don't think I can clear your mind if you don't know what a preposition is. All prepostions take a gerund (ing form):

He went out without sayi
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Thanks! But this is getting stranger and stranger...why did you keep mentioning prepositions? My question was never about preposition...
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Sorry, I wasn't attentive enough. This verb form is bothering you:

Project Manager has multiple complex job duties including but not limited to providing problem-solving, managerial and technical consulting services...

That isn't a gerund even though it
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Haha, no need to say sorry, finally I can express myself enough for you to understand my question.

So something, which is very essential, is being ommited and confused me big time...!

OK, I can see from your examples The man (who is) driving... and the boys (who were) playing...

do not change the verb form, they remain as driving
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I give up. Perhaps someone else will take over.

CB
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Hi,

I don't want to end up repeating a lot of what has been said very well by CB, so I'll just comment briefly on questions in your last post.

why is job duties including... transformed to job duties that include...?

can't it be job duties that are including...
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Cheers both of you, this is the most detailed and friendliest explanation I have ever seen on a forum.

I am now fully taught on this topic.

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