The sentence tells us what you are doing at the present time, but perhaps not at this moment. eg. I'm learning the salsa. I have a dance partner and we are taking classes twice a week.
Well, when we use perfect tense, we say that the event started in the past and it's still going on. so far so good. But when I say I'm learning the salsa. I refer to these days. So It also started in the past. maybe my first class was 2 days ago...! I can not see any difference
There is not much difference. It is the idea that the speaker wants to convey - that the activity started in the past, or that it is happening right now.. The context becomes important:
eg. I've been learning the salsa, and it's really made a big difference in my love life. I am learning the salsa, hoping that it will make me more attractive to women.