In the first pair, the difference is subtle. The trick is that 'unless' means the same as 'if' when used between two clauses, except that 'unless' has a hidden or implicit 'not' meaning in either of the two clauses, usually the second. Theoretically, one can take the 'unless' sentence and rewrite it with 'if' in the place of 'unless' plus also make the word 'not' explicit in the second clause o