Judging from your comments and examples, I can recommend nothing more specific than common sense. 'On the beach' reasonably indicates where the game was played, so it is a sentential adverb of place.
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BlackBlitzI began to think that every adverbial that follows an object is describing the object and not the verb!No! You don't want to do that!
BlackBlitz"I played volleyball on the beach"
"on the beach" easily modifies where you played, but I can also phrase it as "I played volleyball that is on the beach" or "Which kind of