Their meanings are the same, but their usages are slightly different.
1) Compare "I don't know anything about sports" with "Not that I know anything about sports, but isn't Ronaldo playing on Real Madrid?". The first is a simple statemente. I don't know anything. The second one can be used to gently ask someone if they were wrong, but always recognising you kno
I think this "that" is a conjunction. Saying, for example, "Not that I care about that" is kind of a short form for "I'm not saying that I care about that". Basically, that's what it means.