These are very basic tenses but very difficult to distinguish in some special cases, please see for reference.
Past Simple and Past Continuous
https://ronemo.com/video/xdZfINS31mv/wT2N0smSotRfSm
Past Simple and Present Perfect
https://ronemo.com/video/OH8xAp9gWdw/wT2N0smSotRx9d
Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous
https://ronemo.com/video/xC7Vv4tD1cl/wT2N0smSotRVtc
Present Simple Tense and Present Continuous Tense
https://ronemo.com/video/rdwmYMUKgZD/wT2N0smSotRmUZ
Study them and memorize them. We all had to.
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It's not so hard to differentiate grammatical tenses. To do that you have to take into consideration the verb inflection (regular or irregular one), the position of the auxiliary verbs in the VP like, for example the position of be, is, are, have, has, do, did, didn't, will, shall, would, should, can, could, may, might, must, ought and the forms of the verb, i.e., infinitive, preterit,