The San Raffaele Hospital study examined the microbiomes of fifty- four individuals who underwent endoscopies and biopsies of the first part of the small intestine between 2009 and 2015. Some of the volunteers were already having a procedure to diagnose a gastrointestinal disorder.
--- Does the word "procedure" from the sentence above refer to a "surgical procedure"? So in order to diagnose a gastrointestinal disorder they had to undergo an operation? And did this procedure happen after they underwent endoscopies and biopsies?
Newguest Does the word "procedure" from the sentence above refer to a "surgical procedure"? So in order to diagnose a gastrointestinal disorder they had to undergo an operation? Most probably: that is the usual meaning of the word in this context.
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NewguestDoes the word "procedure" from the sentence above refer to a "surgical procedure"? So in order to diagnose a gastrointestinal disorder they had to undergo an operation?
Most probably: that is the usual meaning of the word in this context. However, the use of the continuous form is confusing.
Newguest And did this procedu