He had been punished many times in the past.
He has been punished many times in the past.
What's the difference?
Antonis M. He has been punished many times in the past. — during the time period which ends now.
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Antonis M.He has been punished many times in the past.
— during the time period which ends now. The "reference time" is "now", the moment you say this.
Antonis M.He had been punished many times in the past.
— during the time period which ended at some point in the past called the "reference time". The "reference