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Fold navy 285 Posted 4 years ago
Grammar

Had to have known

"And I think this ruling proves it that Dershowitz had to have known going into this that that wasn't gonna happen, right?"

From the YouTube's video.

Does the VP "had to have known" mean "must have known" in the wording above?

Does the "had to have known" differ significantly in meaning from "had to know" here?

  

Top answer

fold navy 285 Does the VP "had to have known" mean "must have known" in the wording above? Yes. fold navy 285 Does the "had to have known" differ significantly in meaning from "had to know" here?

— Anonymous

  • fold navy 285 Does the VP "had to have known" mean "must have known" in the wording above?
  • Yes.
  • fold navy 285 Does the "had to have known" differ significantly in meaning from "had to know" here?
  • I'd say so.
  • "Had to know" carries the implication that he did indeed know and proceeded anyway.
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2 Answers
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fold navy 285Does the VP "had to have known" mean "must have known" in the wording above?

Yes.

fold navy 285Does the "had to have known" differ significantly in meaning from "had to know" here?

I'd say so. "Had to know" carries the implication that he did indeed know and proceeded anyway. "Had to have known" does n

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fold navy 285"had to know"

This is analogous to the simple past. "certainly knew"

The ambassador had to know that the cable would further antagonize Kissinger. (It was not possible that the ambassador did not know that the cable was going to antagonize Kissinger.)

fold navy 285had to have known

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