'That' is a demonstrative pronoun modified by a restrictive clause ('which' is used to introduce the clause because 'that that' is quite awkward). 'That which' = 'what'. )
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Mister Micawber'That' is a demonstrative pronoun modified by a restrictive clause ('which' is used to introduce the clause because 'that that' is quite awkward). 'That which' = 'what'.
(Formations like 'He who steals my purse steals trash' are similar structures.)
hank you very much indeed.