1. Yes 2. Necessary with 'if', not used with 'given'.
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khoshtipI don't know what do you mean by "direcdy", but the construct "Given X" means "if we have X" or "assuming we have X".I didn't even notice that: my eyes just read directly.
khoshtip?? Good eyes Philip.Eyes, maybe not so good. Just a natural reaction. I know that sometimes the brain recognizes the intended.