Although they all have much the same meaning, in usage they are more specific. Food made with flour will go stale (breads, cakes, cookies/biscuits). Organic matter (primarily meat and fish) will go bad .
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Hi,
They basically mean the same thing, so it's more a question of collocations (what normally goes with what).
Stale is most commonly used with bread, cakes, etc - food made with flour - although chips are obviously not made with flour they also go stale.
Things like fish and meat (organic matter) go bad
Spoiled would apply to any food that is unfit for human consumpti