Hello, roach—and welcome to English Forums. First, you should note that A Study in Scarlet was written and published in 1886, well over 100 years ago, and that the fictional narrator speaks in a style artificial even for that time, much less for our own. Nevertheless, making allowances for the changes in structure and punctuation since that time, the sentence is fine.
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roach84chen2I want to know whether the grammar of the sentence in the story can be used nowadays.Yes, it could, but it would probably be edited.