" This is incorrect English. "
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"While Caruso drinking the fresh apple cider, the farmer asked the famous singer his name." This is incorrect English.
Correct English is
"While Caruso was drinking the fresh apple cider, the farmer asked the famous singer his name."
While Caruso drinking the fresh apple cider, the farmer asked the famous singer his name.
There is an error with this sentence: it requires the auxiliary verb "was" before "drinking" to complete the verb phrase.
Since it contains a serious error, there seems little point in analysing it.
I also may get confused about them, and I'm not sure about the sentence you provided. But I can give you another example:
"While watching T.V, the grandpa had a heart attack".
The phrase above is participle (adverb clause).
The word "watching" is participle.
The sentence was originally like this:
"The grandpa, who was watching T.V, had a heart attack"
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