Hi You can use 'painful' to mean 'raw' but I think that the writer is correct 'Raw', in the end, means people who eat raw meat - they don't bother to cook it So the word has stronger force in the paragraph that you're quoting. On the one hand, religion can be seen as a civilizing good, but the writer wants to say that it is also used to exercise abusive power, in an almost animal way So I'd say that 'raw' is right there Dave
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