I just try to make some example sentences. With them you should be able to understand the usage of these two words.
I do like sports. ( Strong statement that you really like sports) Are you happy when you go cycling? I do shopping once a week. We have to do a lot of work on the house. We are great friends.
Are, just like is, is just an inflected form of the verb to be. 'To be' is used as a linking verb in many situations but mainly it connects the subject and its predicate.