They both are used to give examples, but to use "but a few" emphasizes that there are many, and these examples are a small part of the total.
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BarbaraPAbut a fewIs it correct to replace the red words by 'by'? I've seen some people use it. Sometimes people speak very fast and the phrase's written form gets distorted. But I do not know whether native speakers accept it or not.
OttoJBarbaraPA:but a few. Is it correct to replace the red words by 'by'?No.