Not much to explain, Guest-- you have said it already: 'phosphorus' is a noun and 'phosphorous' is an adjective. 973761'; and when you are writing about something which is phosphorus-like, you use the adjective, as in 'Phosphorous acid is handy for making phosphites'. A confusion arises, however, in that 'phosphorous' is also an alternative spelling for 'phosphorus'.
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