1. Which of these sentences sound best:
a) "The body was submitted to a post-mortem examination."
b) "The body underwent a postmortem examination."
2. And by the way, does the term 'autopsy' exist in English (and is it ever used interchangeably with 'postmortem examination'?
1b) sounds better to me. 2 yes and yes.
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Christine Christiea) "The body was submitted to a post-mortem examination."
This sounds like you couldn't remember "subjected". "Submitted" is wrong with "to".
autopsy seeks to determine the cause of death
postmortem An examination of a dead body, usually to determine the cause of death.
Both terms are in common use.
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You could simply say
A autopsy was done.
A postmortem was done