describing

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I read a book called Harry PotterI read a book that is called Harry Potter.what is the difference if I use "that is" or notI had a friend determined to be a doctor.I had a friend that is determined to be a doctor.what is the difference if I use "that is" or notI have taken a picture of bird flying around.I have taken a picture of bird that is flying around.what is the difference if I use "that is" or not

GPY · Accepted Answer

I read a book called Harry Potter
I read a book that is called Harry Potter.
what is the difference if I use "that is" or not
No real difference in meaning, but "that is" seems a bit laborious and unnecessary.

I had a friend determined to be a doctor.
I had a friend who is/was determined to be a doctor.
what is the difference if I use "who is" or not
Again no great difference in meaning, but in this case it feels fine to include "who is/was". In combination with "had", "was" seems more likely.

I have taken a picture of a bird flying around.
I have taken a picture of a bird that is/was flying around.
what is the difference if I use "that is" or not
The first one is more specific that the picture shows the bird actually flying. However this may be assumed from the second also. "was" seems more likely, but consider whether "I took a picture of a bird that was flying around" is better.

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