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Anonymous Posted 16 years ago
Grammar
Crops are cultivated "using" natural fertilizers
Hello,
How would you explain the usage of "using" in the sentence "crops are cultivated using natural fertilizers"?
It makes more sense to me if it is written with a "with" - the crops are cultivated with (without) using natural fertilizers. So does that mean in correct and formal writing there should be a "with/ without"?
I tried to consult some grammar books yet couldn't find out a satisfying answer so far. Is "using" here a participle, a preposition (like "spent time (in) training), or something else? Does it perform as an adverb or complement?
In Michael Swan, "She ran screaming out of the room." It says that the screaming acts as an adverb. But i don't see these two sentences are the same - "using natural fertilizer" is more like a modified clause to me.
Thanks for any possible answers!
How would you explain the usage of "using" in the sentence "crops are cultivated using natural fertilizers"?
It makes more sense to me if it is written with a "with" - the crops are cultivated with (without) using natural fertilizers. So does that mean in correct and formal writing there should be a "with/ without"?
I tried to consult some grammar books yet couldn't find out a satisfying answer so far. Is "using" here a participle, a preposition (like "spent time (in) training), or something else? Does it perform as an adverb or complement?
In Michael Swan, "She ran screaming out of the room." It says that the screaming acts as an adverb. But i don't see these two sentences are the same - "using natural fertilizer" is more like a modified clause to me.
Thanks for any possible answers!
Top answer
It makes more sense to me if it is written with a "with" - the crops are cultivated with (without) using natural fertilizers. -- No. 'With using' is wrong grammar in any register.
- It makes more sense to me if it is written with a "with" - the crops are cultivated with (without) using natural fertilizers.
- -- No.
- 'With using' is wrong grammar in any register.
- Is "using" here a participle, a preposition (like "spent time (in) training), or something else?
- -- It is a participle and the head of the non-finite clause acting as an adverbial.
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2 Answers
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It makes more sense to me if it is written with a "with" - the crops are cultivated with (without) using natural fertilizers. So does that mean in correct and formal writing there should be a "with/ without"?-- No. 'With using' is wrong grammar in any register.
Is "using" here a participle, a preposition (like "spent time (in) training), or something else? Does it perform as
Is "using" here a participle, a preposition (like "spent time (in) training), or something else? Does it perform as
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Anonymouscrops are cultivated using natural fertilizers".....Using natural fertilizers" - The entire phrase modifies "the crops are cutivated" and "using" is a present participle used to construct the phrase. As you suggested "with" would in fact yield the similar meaning. However, "with natrural fertilizers" is a prep
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