Could you simplify the meaning of the 'ing' forms of the verbs?

Question

CalifJimroky0071a. " Imagine a dog tracking a rabbit, ( by ) sniffing the ground and ( by ) following its scent''Yes. 'by' can be used here to show the relationship.roky0071b. ''You might handle your little sister's bicycle accident like a pro, ( by ) cleaning her up, ( by ) sticking bandages on her knees, and ( by ) handing her a lollipop.Yes. 'by' can be used here to show the relationship.CJHere I don't comprehend the meaning of what you are try to say by 'relationship'. Could you simplify it, please? As far as I know that 'by' answers to the question 'How', like 'how a dog tracks a rabbit?' the answer is 'by sniffing the ground and following its scent'So could you please explain what you are trying to say 'Yes. 'by' can be used here to show the relationship'?

CalifJim · Accepted Answer

roky0071I don't comprehend the meaning of what you are try to say by 'relationship'.

Main clause .................... Participle clause
............... \ .................................... /
......................... Relationship

The relationship of the participle clause to the main clause is what connects the meanings of the two clauses. We have already mentioned four basic relationships: 'condition', 'result', 'reason', 'time'. Each of these is a description of how the meaning of a participle clause can be connected to the meaning of the main clause.

Most of the time there is no preposition to tell us anything about the relationship, but sometimes a word like 'by' , 'while', 'because', or 'thus' can help us to understand the relationship.

CJ

Could you simplify the meaning of the 'ing' forms of the verbs?

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