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Anonymous Posted 21 years ago
Essay & Composition Writing

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A detailed observation of the surface of the A-gil fan fan after the most recent events reveals its microtopography with a long profile and several transects; it helps to understand the spatial distribution of landforms created by slush flows.

Firstly, the long profile of the fan, measured in the main axis of the cone, cross the slush-flow path in its median part, while the upper and lower parts are out of the path of slush flows. Three zones are easily recognizable with this long profile:
  • In the apical zone the material is scattered, with partly buried rocks ranging from large boulders to gravel size material. The vegetation is unevenly present on rocks, and both coalescent lichens and well-defined Rhizocarpon geographicum thalli can be seen, revealing both fresh and former material; between rocks, a high latitude heath dominates, just slightly disturbed by surficial erosion. Due to the shape of the gully, the flows (slush flows, snow avalanches and debris flows) are diverted to the southern part of the cone, the surface in the northern part is almost not disturbed.
  • In the middle zone, abundant deposits are present, with a dominance of rocks long axis > 10 cm exhibiting bare surfaces. The vegetation cover between rocks is also very poor. Here the profile crosses the main slush deposition area on the cone.
  • In the distal zone, only sparse deposits unevenly covered with vegetation are observed. The lower part of the cone presents several man-made changes that are incompatible with a geomorphologic analysis: earth dams have been created, and the material has frequently been removed. The vegetation cover presents similarities with the one of the apical zone, but is influenced by the surrounding gardens and has a higher degree of diversity.
Secondly, cross profiles through the slush path reveal its uneven surface, with shallow depressions and ridges. Vegetation observation help to identify the new landforms: the fresh deposits from the recent slush flows are clearly visible, most of the 10-25 cm rock fragments exposing bare surfaces, while the vegetation cover presents higher densities at path peripheries. Debris levées of various width and height are formed on both sides of the channel by the slush, following previous levées, which recurrent debris flows contributed to build. Large boulders of more than 1 m in length concentrate in the channel, and some were transported at the boundaries of the deposits, illustrating the transfer efficiency of the slush. The chaotic sedimentation, with typical precarious position of debris accumulations, underlines that depositional forms dominate. Erosion is very selective and, except lateral and vertical scouring of the channel, it mainly concerns the southern margin of the channel, where the slush flow swept up the rocky fragments from the surface of the fan; the inexistance of vegetation cover between the deposits is an evidence of this superficial rosion. The Fig. 7 illustrates the spatial distribution of landforms resulting from the 1997 and 1998 events, with erosional features - “sweeping effect” - concentrated along the channel, and accumulation landforms covering the larger part of the path on the cone, from the mouth of the gully to mid-fan elevation, then, downslope, concentrating in the channel.
  
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