1.She always wanted to become a singer but studies at Oxford got in her way.
2.Her dream was to become a singer, but studies at Oxford got in her way.
Does the first examples conjunction join two independent sentences?
The second example has 'Her' as the subject, and her is explicit after the conjunction: 'Her' studies at Oxford got in her way. So we view it as a complete sentence joined by a comma.
In other-words, does the subject in the first sentence have to match the implied subject (same word usage) after the conjunction for it to be considered independent and take a comma?
Both sentences contain two independent clauses (with differing subjects) joined by a conjunction. There is no more reason to use a comma in one than in the other. A traditional rule says that you should use a comma, but this rule is by no means set in stone, and, especially for shorter sentences, writers may omit the comma.
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Both sentences contain two independent clauses (with differing subjects) joined by a conjunction. There is no more reason to use a comma in one than in the other. A traditional rule says that you should use a comma, but this rule is by no means set in stone, and, especially for shorter sentences, writers may omit the comma. In longer, more complicated sentences, a comma may be advisable for re