Your question is rather vague, but I assume that you are referring to the parts of speech . In traditional grammar, eight are typically recognized. Some sources consider pronouns a subclass of noun and give articles their own category, while others consider articles a subclass of adjective and give pronouns their own category.
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mansoor99I guess the answer would be phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics.I believe these elements would more accurately fall under the category of linguistics, not basic grammar.