Clauses withiout conjunction

Question

The touriem sector will also need to make a adaptation in response to national mitigation strategies related to greenhouse gas emissions, hence the concepts are related.

Hi teachers the above is from the book I study. I found this sentence is ungrammatical and wonder if it is fine to write a sentence without a conjunction between clauses. "Hence" is not a conjunction (obviously). It is just an adverb, so I thnk there should be a conjunction instead of 'hence',

Thank you very much.

BillJ · Accepted Answer

The tourism sector will also need to make adaptations in response to national mitigation strategies related to greenhouse gas emissions, hence the concepts are related.

It is only marginally ungrammatical. "Hence" is not a coordinator, but it is a 'connective adjunct'. It combines that function with one of reason or result. In your example, "hence" marks the clause as a result adjunct, compare ... related to greenhouse gas emissions and as a result the concepts are related. So in a way it behaves like a coordinator.

Nevertheless, as you say, it doesn't qualify as a coordinator and thus the clause should strictly speaking be set apart with "and", or perhaps better still by some light punctuation mark like a semicolon or a dash.

There are a few other connectives with a similar meaning to "hence", e.g."consequently, "therefore", "thus" etc.

Clauses withiout conjunction

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