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Nonodiv Posted 10 years ago
Grammar

Checking these definitions for me

Hi everyone, could somebody check these definitions for me? And if possible modify them. Do these definitions seem quoted from the internet? Or do they look written by a normal person? Iam asking because they are very important for my final exam after 3 days. There are some terms that I didn't find definitions for them like: 1. Leftism 2. Anarcha-feminism 3. Anarcho-communism 4. Anarcho-liberalism. If possible, try to give me definitions from your own. Finally, Iam sorry if I have written this post in the unsuitable place.

Here is my list of definitions:
1- Free will: The ability to act without restrictions and choose what you want from a number of choices.
2- Determinism: The actions of an individual are the result of cultural, religious or social pressure that are not controlled by him.
3- Determinism (soft): Individuals action are the result of free will, but some of them are the result of external pressure.
4- Cultural determinism: our actions are the result of cultural aspects' pressure like religion or society, and they shape his/her personality.
5- Predetermines: All events that happen in the present, past and the future have been caused and are known for god.
6- Predestination: Our actions are known by god or fate before we do them, but we are free to choose, and our choices is also known by god.
7- Fatalism: All events are the result of unknown external powers' will like god, and we can do nothing to affect these powers.
8- Indeterminism: All of our acts have no external pressure on them, and they are the result of our will.
9- Chance: When something happens as we desire, but without any previous planning or knowledge for it to happen.
10- Theological determinism: All events that happen or will happen are the result of god's will, and god made them happen in this way.
11- Autonomy: The ability to act on your own without requiring any help from others or guidance.
12- Genetic determinism: Our outward appearance, talents, behavior and our way of life are the results of our genes' effects on us.
13- Enlightenment: Intellectual movement that aimed to tell people how to conduct their lives and how to get rid of chains imposed on them.
14- Anarchism: Political philosophy that aimed to destroy all the powers such as hierarchy, patriarchy and church's authority that deny people from employing their cleverness, rationality and unity in managing their affairs.
15- Deism: The belief that there is a god who created everything in its current form and who is the engineer of the universe.
16- Slavery: The state of being under the control of somebody else who owns you and have ability to make you do what he want.
17- Incompatalism: people's ability to choose is at conflict with determinism and one of them must hamper the other.
18- Compatalism: The belief that free will and determinism can exist together which means that determinism exists, but we still have the ability to choose.
19- Democracy: A form of government where people can choose their political representatives through election, and people are source of rules.
20- Aristocracy: A government consists of noble men who own the largest space of land and natural sources, and rules are established by them.
21- Dictatorship: A form of government where rules are stablished by a leader and all the people are subjected by him.
22- Censorship: The system that is responsible for overseeing the ideas, opinions, books and inventions of a certain society or group of people.
23- Anarcho-Syndicalism: A theory tells that workers organized by unions must govern the economy and these unions are the way to destroy tyrannical authorities.
24- Communism: Social system where all the sources and the properties of a society are owned ordinary people not by and elite or individuals.
25- Collectivism: The political system where all the control is in the hand of the society as a whole, and everyone must act for the benefit of the group.
26- Marxism: Political theories originated by Karl Marx that struggle is a basic element in changing humans' history, and that social institutions and humans' capacities must be used in destroying dictatorship and replacing it by collectivism.
27- Authoritarianism: A form of government where the different powers of government (the judiciary, legislator) are assumed by one person.
28- Libertarianism: A principle tells that government role in shaping the identity of individuals should be very limited, instead it must be the individual's responsibility.
29- Capitalism: An economic system where the sources and big industries like factories and oil industry are owned by limited number of people who are rich, and the government's role is restricted.
30- Hierarchy: A system where people or things are categorizes into levels according to their political, economic or social position.
31- Survival of the fittest: A process that operates on a population of organisms through its effects on individuals. Individuals may survive or die because they are better or less well adapted in a particular environment or a particular social class.
32- Minarchism: A political philosophy that the role of government must be as minimum as possible.
33- liberalism: Political philosophy that aims to maximize individuals' liberty and choices must be based on freedom and autonomy must be maintained in individuals' life and the government must composed of elected candidates.
34- Totalitarianism: A form of government where the absolute power is in the hand of one person including applying rules and managing individuals.
35- Nihilism: Ideology that regard people's beliefs, customs and ethics meaningless and the whole life is meaningless.
36-Nationalism: Ideology where people belong to their country and they believe that it is better than anything else, and they are proud of carrying its nationality.
37- Internationalism: The way of thinking that countries should build relations built on mutual interests and working together achieve the best consolidation between them.
38- Patriotism: The belief that one's love for his country is stronger than anything that they might sacrifice all of their power to improve their countries, and being proud of it wherever they go.
39- Darwinism: Theory that states that all the species at its current form has developed from old ones with some differences.
40- Social Darwinism: Theory that expound that people are like animal and plants are always in struggle to get food, jobs and healing, and that some people are better than others because of their biological and genetic superiority.
41- Hereditarianism: Theory tells that common differences among individuals are the result of genetic differences and that genes control our shape, behavior and our body characteristics.
42- Reform Darwinism: Movement says that society must grow with integral relationship with human condition, and as humans are willing to change, the society can change, but some reform Darwinists justified racist and sexist ideas.
43- Posthumanism: Enhancing humans' psychological and physical abilities by merging humans with modern technology.
44- Transhumanism: The way of thinking about merging humans with modern science and knowledge to make an intelligent life and destroy humans' limitations.
45- Evolution: A process by which animals and humans have developed by degrees through long ages, and their current form are the result of genetic and biological changing in the old forms.
46- Objectivity: The ability to view things based on facts that can be measured and scientific information rather than your conclusions and beliefs, and it is not based on prejudice as it is not influenced by internal feelings or inferences.
47-Subjectivity: How person view things or people in his mind depending on his beliefs, ideas and personal experience.
48- Individualism: The belief that the interests of individuals are more important than the group affairs, and support the independence of a man and his autonomy.
49- Immaterialism: Things that can be touched and seen exists only in humans mind.
50- Absurdism: The theory that humans' attempts to explain why the universe is created will fail, and that life is meaningless and that there is no meaning for our existence.
51- Humanitarianism: The doctrine that people's duty is to help each other, contribute to enhance our humanity, help the poor people offer help for who need help and try not to harm others.
52- Egalitarianism: The belief that people have the same rights and duties and everyone is govern by the same rules, and no one should have the ability to override laws.
53- Dualism: Theory that everything in this universe has two sides which are completely different: one is good and the other is wicked.
54- Skepticism: The doctrine that knowledge, facts and surroundings are uncertain or impossible to be true without proofs.
55- Solipsism: Theory that one's self is the only thing that should be took care of, or the state of being completely selfish and working only for developing yourself and ignoring others.
56- Anti-Realism: The belief that the real world is full of wrong things such as scientific laws, theories and terms, and none of them is accurate.
57- Malthusianism: The belief that humans growth is not fit for what they are producing and natural resources which means that if the growth rate keeps increasing, there will be shortage of sources and lack of needs except if their growth start decreasing.
  
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