"attempt" is a singular countable noun, so the article is required. The article-less instances that you have found are either mistakes or headline-style text in which articles are dropped.
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MustAskMy confusion arises from "charged with murder/assault" because an article here would be wrong.That is not really true. In "charged with a murder / an assault", the words "murder" and "assault" (countable) refer to a specific incident. In "charged with murder / assault", the words "murder" and "assault" (uncountable) refer to a more abstract notion of t