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Anonymous Posted 18 years ago
Grammar
Change of Which to That
Please advise on where should "which" be changed to "that" in the following sentences. Each of the sentences given below is not related to previous sentence even in the same points.
(1) You know that you should be empowering subordinates, but you wonder how that differs from delegating and self-managed teams—concepts which were advocated twenty years ago and have since all but disappeared from the business lexicon.
(2) Instead of helping managers with day-to-day leadership, this advice is nonspecific and general, providing little practical information which can be put into action.
(3) We will suggest a range of techniques which can be easily and quickly implemented in most work settings.
(4) All leaders know how difficult it can be to make changes between people and systems which resist change as much as possible.
(5) It would be fair to say that creating a positive organization vision is one of the most important behaviors of effective leaders or organizations which must change.
(6) Effective leaders will change unacceptable visions or leave their organizations to create or lead an organization which has the potential to achieve a more consistent (with the leader’s values, beliefs, and personal goals) vision.
(7) This becomes a large complex network or “web” of key elements which should find their way into the vision. If you see something which is not a good fit with the vision, change it.
(8) Even items which appear to be very idealistic should become the goal and all constituents must begin to behave in ways to make the dream come true. A correlation is a statistical score which infers a relationship between two scores.
(9) By so doing, we let poor communication become an Achilles’ heel which limits our effectiveness as managers.
(10) Observing and listening to employees at work will give you the best insights into what makes people tick. There are other methods which have their advantages and disadvantages. Equity theory comes from an old philosophical idea which has applications to everyday management. This raises another important issue which managers must understand. As a manager, your goal should be to develop rewards which follow most or all of the rules for effective rewards.
(1) You know that you should be empowering subordinates, but you wonder how that differs from delegating and self-managed teams—concepts which were advocated twenty years ago and have since all but disappeared from the business lexicon.
(2) Instead of helping managers with day-to-day leadership, this advice is nonspecific and general, providing little practical information which can be put into action.
(3) We will suggest a range of techniques which can be easily and quickly implemented in most work settings.
(4) All leaders know how difficult it can be to make changes between people and systems which resist change as much as possible.
(5) It would be fair to say that creating a positive organization vision is one of the most important behaviors of effective leaders or organizations which must change.
(6) Effective leaders will change unacceptable visions or leave their organizations to create or lead an organization which has the potential to achieve a more consistent (with the leader’s values, beliefs, and personal goals) vision.
(7) This becomes a large complex network or “web” of key elements which should find their way into the vision. If you see something which is not a good fit with the vision, change it.
(8) Even items which appear to be very idealistic should become the goal and all constituents must begin to behave in ways to make the dream come true. A correlation is a statistical score which infers a relationship between two scores.
(9) By so doing, we let poor communication become an Achilles’ heel which limits our effectiveness as managers.
(10) Observing and listening to employees at work will give you the best insights into what makes people tick. There are other methods which have their advantages and disadvantages. Equity theory comes from an old philosophical idea which has applications to everyday management. This raises another important issue which managers must understand. As a manager, your goal should be to develop rewards which follow most or all of the rules for effective rewards.
Top answer
None requires changing which to that . In #4, a comma is needed before which.
- None requires changing which to that .
- In #4, a comma is needed before which.
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3 Answers
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None requires changing which to that. In #4, a comma is needed before which.
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Which is wrong in Nos. 4 and 5 because the relative pronoun refers to both inanimate things (systems, organizations) and people (people, leaders). In these sentences that is the only alternative. No comma is required in either sentence.
Some people consider that a better choice if the antecedent is something, anything, everything or nothing. This would
Some people consider that a better choice if the antecedent is something, anything, everything or nothing. This would
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I read #4 as two very general things that resist change-- people and systems--, making the clause non-restrictive. In that case, the comma and which are needed-- the which must refer to people as well, since you could equally not use who for systems.
Oh, and in #5 the which seems to me to refer only and satisfactorily to the organizations, since surely the 'ef
Oh, and in #5 the which seems to me to refer only and satisfactorily to the organizations, since surely the 'ef
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