What is the difference between the two?
He can’t have slept through all that noise.
He couldn’t have slept through all that noise.
i understand both refer to something in the past.
"can't have" feels more informal/colloquial, and is used mostly about recent events, whose effect has present relevance. "couldn't have" can be used about recent events and also historical events.
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"can't have" feels more informal/colloquial, and is used mostly about recent events, whose effect has present relevance. "couldn't have" can be used about recent events and also historical events.