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Case-Based method application for animal poisonings diagnose

Andrzej Kluza
Key words: Case-Based Reasoning, poisoning diagnosis, veterinary toxicology

Introduction The aim of poisoning diagnosis is toxicant identification and making a proposal of appropriate therapeutic procedure (Casarett, Garwacki). Usually incomplete information of poisoning results in less accurate diagnosis. The more difficult is a diagnosis process carried by veterinary physician, because not only poisoning symptoms can be unclear, but also there is generally less information about the poisoning case. Animal patients are not capable of answering questions concerning their condition and laboratory tests are rarer than in human medicine. Case-Based Reasoning method seems to help both ways, dealing with incomplete information. The paper presents how an application made for supporting veterinary toxicology diagnosis can handle queries and fractional information of the poisoning.

Pharmacology and Toxicology Department of Warsaw Agriculture University carries a Veterinary Toxicology Information System project. This system is intended to have a diagnosis support module. For this purpose an application was created by the author, using artificial intelligence method - Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) (CBR Tech). Veterinary physician, inputting observed poisoning symptoms, will get a list of hypothetic toxicants. Sorted with decreasing potentiality of anticipation and having relative reliability value could be a basis of poison search and verification of physician assumption. Sequent therapeutic indications help adaptation of successful treatment procedure.

CBR applications can be devided to (kolodner):

analytic - object classification, diagnosis, and extension; time series prognosis,

synthetic - design and configuration tasks,

organizational - within management processes and knowledge management.

Presented diagnosis support method is of analytic domain. Web pages of AI-KBG University of Kaiserslautern (zob.2) and Kaidara Software (zob.5) describes noumberous examples of CBR extension and diagnosis.

Animal poisonings diagnosis Veterinary physician can recall previous patients having profiles of symptoms similar to current case. He can remember certain poisoning patterns from education. Despite the symptoms of illness or poisoning, he remembers usually the treatment process. Case-Based Reasoning can mimic natural, human, veterinary medicine physician decision-making process, trying to recall similar treatment cases from memory or bibliography (kolodner). This reasoning method, basing primarily on stored cases having successful results, differs from rule-based reasoning, but both are Artificial Intelligence methods. Medical hypothesis support is noticed as one of most important fields of CBR application (althoff).

As mentioned above, CBR method can be a very good solution for veterinary toxicology diagnosis support. A reliable base of stored animal poisoning cases is needed for this kind of reasoning application. Constant rules concerning poisonings and possibility of repetitions of the same poisoning type are the main necessary conditions for this method. These conditions are met.