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IEEE Posted 15 years ago
Grammar

By+verb+ing...

Dear all,

Could you please explain the following structure?

1. Measure the parameter by varying temperature, force, etc.

2. You can draw the picture by clicking here.

If someone says in the follwing way, would it be correct....

1. Measure the parameter varying temperature, force, etc.

2. You can draw the picture clicking here.

Regards,

IEEE
  

Top answer

#3 and #4 seem highly unlikely to me; the structure does appear in simpler, more common situations where the elision was not confusing: Open the bottle using a church key . By varying temperature : 'By' is a preposition; 'varying temperature' is a nonfinite clause acting as noun object of the preposition; 'by varying temperature' is a prepositional phrase acting as an adverbial.

  • #3 and #4 seem highly unlikely to me; the structure does appear in simpler, more common situations where the elision was not confusing: Open the bottle using a church key .
  • By varying temperature : 'By' is a preposition; 'varying temperature' is a nonfinite clause acting as noun object of the preposition; 'by varying temperature' is a prepositional phrase acting as an adverbial.
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1 Answers
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#3 and #4 seem highly unlikely to me; the structure does appear in simpler, more common situations where the elision was not confusing: Open the bottle using a church key.

By varying temperature: 'By' is a preposition; 'varying temperature' is a nonfinite clause acting as noun object of the preposition; 'by varying temperature' is a prepositional phrase acting

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